(Kenya) – The population of Africa’s most iconic wildlife species has declined by 76 percent over the last five decades, according to the World Wide Fund for Nature Kenya (WWF-Kenya). This troubling figure was revealed in the 2024 Living Planet Report, released in Nairobi on October 12, 2024. The report highlights the severe impact of habitat loss, overexploitation, climate change, pollution, and invasive species on the continent’s wildlife populations between 1970 and 2020.
The report emphasizes that this dramatic decline affects various species, including mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, and fish. In particular, the freshwater ecosystem has been hardest hit, experiencing an 85 percent decline in species populations, while terrestrial and marine species saw declines of 69 percent and 56 percent, respectively.
WWF-Kenya’s report underscores the urgent need for transformative action to protect Africa’s biodiversity. It warns that the continuing decrease in wildlife populations could lead to extinction and destabilize ecosystems. This, in turn, would have a serious impact on African communities that depend on wildlife for their livelihoods, such as those involved in tourism, fishing, and agriculture.
The report argues that if African countries meet their nature, climate, and sustainable development goals, they can reverse this worrying trend. However, achieving these goals will require a systemic shift in how natural resources are managed, with a focus on sustainable production and consumption. It also calls for increased investment in community-led conservation efforts to protect terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
Mohamed Awer, the Chief Executive Officer of WWF-Kenya, stressed that restoring nature, addressing the climate crisis, and promoting the sustainable use of biodiversity are crucial to halting the loss of Africa’s wildlife. He noted that involving communities and mobilizing resources across society would help prevent the extinction of rare species.
Awer’s colleague, Jackson Kiplagat, the head of conservation programs at WWF-Kenya, highlighted the plight of flagship species such as the African lion, African elephant, and black rhinoceros. These species face significant threats, and without robust conservation measures, their populations could continue to decline. However, Kiplagat remains optimistic, stating that effective conservation strategies can help stabilize these populations and protect Africa’s natural heritage.
The 2024 Living Planet Report presents a comprehensive overview of global biodiversity trends, offering insights into the health of ecosystems worldwide. While Africa’s wildlife population decline is especially concerning, the report notes that similar trends are occurring globally. The decline in biodiversity is a warning sign that ecosystems are being pushed to the brink, which could have devastating consequences for both wildlife and human communities.
To reverse this trend, the report urges African governments, industries, and international partners to work together to expand protected areas for wildlife and invest in conservation programs. By doing so, the continent can ensure the survival of its most cherished species while also safeguarding the ecosystems that support human livelihoods.
Table: Wildlife Population Decline in Africa by Ecosystem (1970-2020)
| Ecosystem | Percentage of Decline |
|---|---|
| Freshwater Species | 85% |
| Terrestrial Species | 69% |
| Marine Species | 56% |
The message from WWF-Kenya’s report is clear: Africa’s wildlife is in danger, but with the right actions, there is still hope to reverse these alarming trends. Protecting biodiversity is not only about saving species but also about ensuring the stability of ecosystems that millions of people rely on for their survival.